ONE OF THE most significant challenges in treating HIV is the virus' ability to integrate its genome into the host's DNA. This means that lifelong antiretroviral therapy is essential, as latent HIV can reactivate from reservoirs as soon as treatment ends.Now, preliminary research shows that gene editing can be used to eliminate all traces of the HIV virus from infected cells in the laboratory.CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology acts like molecular scissors to cut DNA and either delete unwanted genes or introduce new genetic material, while guidance RNA (gRNA) tells CRISPR-Cas exactly where to cut at designated spots on the genome.The team of scientists from the Amsterdam Medical University in the Netherlands and the Paul Ehrlich Institute in Germany - used two gRNAs that target "conserved" parts of the viral genome. This means they remain the same or conserved across all known HIV strains. This genetic sequence does not have a match in human genes, to prevent the system going off-target."We have developed an efficient combinatorial CRISPR-attack on the HIV virus in various cells and the locations where it can be hidden in reservoirs and demonstrated that therapeutics can be specifically delivered to the cells of interest," the authors write.."These findings represent a pivotal advancement towards designing a cure strategy."

CRISPR-Cas genome editing might one day be used to cure HIV

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