National Parks Of India

India is blessed with a rich tapestry of biodiversity that is both a natural heritage and a national treasure. The concept of national parks in the country traces back to the late 19th century when the importance of conserving wildlife began to take root in the consciousness of the colonial administration. The first national park in India, Hailey National Park (now known as Rajaji National Park), was established in 1936, marking a historic commitment to wildlife conservation. The post-independence era saw an exponential increase in protected areas, primarily driven by a need to conserve India’s unique flora and fauna threatened by rampant industrialization and urbanization.

- Anirban Dasgupta

Today, India boasts over 100 national parks and a plethora of wildlife sanctuaries, which together cover around 5% of the country’s geographical area. These parks serve multiple roles— protecting biodiversity, ensuring ecological balance, and providing a refuge for endangered species such as the Bengal tiger, Vultures, Sea Turtles, Great Indian Bustards and Indian rhinoceros. The importance of national parks in India is not limited to wildlife conservation; they also play a crucial role in preserving traditional ecosystems, enhancing carbon sequestration, providing employment opportunities through ecotourism, and promoting research and education.

Relevance of Wildlife Parks in Today’s Context In an era characterized by climate change, habitat destruction, and increasing humanwildlife conflict, the role of national parks has become even more significant. Climate change poses severe threats to ecosystems, which in turn affects the wildlife that depends on them for survival. National parks serve as vital climate refuges, providing safe habitats where species can adapt to changing conditions.

Moreover, the rise in human populations and urban encroachment into natural habitats has increased the demand for land and resources, leading to conflicts between wildlife and humans. Wildlife parks provide a buffer zone, allowing for the co-existence of humans and wildlife. They often engage local communities through inclusive management practices, fostering awareness and reducing conflicts, thereby promoting a sense of stewardship among residents.