Illicit Indulgence!

Trading in exotic life forms has been and continues to be, a lucrative business. But, what are its effects on the environment, and on our wildlife?

Within India’s abundant biodiversity, an illicit underground market thrives – the illegal pet trade. This highly lucrative industry poses a grave threat to native wildlife and the natural balance of ecosystems. Certain species are particularly coveted by smugglers and poachers for commercial gain, driving up their demand in the black market and leading to observable declines in their populations within their native habitats. The covert industry of the pet trade is fuelled by the demand for rare (not regularly domesticated) and non-native or exotic species, which presents a formidable challenge to the ecosystem. This commerce not only threatens the native biodiversity and the ecological balance but can also be a source of potential zoonotic diseases.

THE SURGING  DEMAND FOR EXOTIC PETS

There is a massive demand for rare and exotic animals, usually nonIndian species for entertainment, companionship, and status symbols. India’s rich biodiversity, porous borders in the north and northeast regions, and a confluence of religious beliefs and a desire for displaying social status have made it both a source and a destination for the illicit trade in exotic pets.   

India has strict penalties under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 (WPA, 1972) to combat the issue of illicit pet trade. Moreover, the incorporation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) into the act during the 2022 amendment reinforces these provisions. Despite these stricter laws, the domain of Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) remains a lucrative, low-risk business due to the hefty sums of money involved and the demand from high-end buyers.